There are several ways in which this gene flow can occur with alfalfa. These may be broadly divided into three categories: seed escape, pollinator-mediated gene flow, and gene flow through volunteer and feral alfalfa. The biological characteristics of alfalfa conspire to present a particularly potent risk of gene escape and, outside of considerations relating to the biology of alfalfa, the role of human error/behaviour in handling GM alfalfa seed and hay is a known risk. April 2013. Canadian Biotechnology Action Network.
The Inevitability of Contamination from GM Alfalfa Release in Ontario
